Demineralization (IOX) is based on chemical properties that form the ion exchange resins, synthetic origin polymeric roots. Those resins are supplied with active functional groups, bonded to the sources that can exchange their moving ions with ions having the same charge contained in the solutions when water pass the IOX bed.

The Dementalization process is a cyclic process, thus, regeneration using acid & caustic soda is required at a specific frequency based on the ionic load, ion exchange quantity and flow rate. The standard system consists of Pretreatment to ensure feed water TSS is less than < 5 ppm, with a wide range of feed water conductivity up to 1,000 μm, two mono beds (SAC & SBA) followed by a mixed bed. Based on the feed water quality, a degasifier might be considered between the mono bids to reduce carbon dioxide load.

The electro-deionization (EDI) process mainly produces (demineralized) high-purified water required for different industries, combining semi-impermeable membrane technology with ion-exchange media. The electrical current is used to continuously regenerate the resin, eliminating the need for using harsh chemicals required for the regeneration of ion exchange resin. The EDI technology used to produce high-purified water (< 0.01 µm) mainly for the following industries